Dermoid Cyst
Pronunciation: DER-moyd
Benign congenital cyst containing ectodermal elements like hair and sebaceous material, commonly occurring in head, neck, and ovarian locations.
Full Definition
Dermoid cyst is a benign developmental cyst that arises from embryonic ectodermal tissue trapped during fetal development. These cysts contain mature ectodermal elements including hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sometimes teeth or neural tissue. In pediatric patients, dermoid cysts commonly occur in the head and neck region (periorbital, nasal, or scalp), ovaries, or along the spine. Head and neck dermoids may have intracranial extensions requiring imaging evaluation before surgical removal. Ovarian dermoids (mature cystic teratomas) can present with abdominal pain, torsion, or rupture. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice, with careful attention to avoid spillage of cyst contents which can cause chemical peritonitis.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from epidermoid cysts which lack hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
In Context
- "The orbital dermoid cyst was carefully excised to avoid intracranial extension." — Ophthalmologic surgery report
- "Ovarian dermoid cysts in adolescents require laparoscopic cystectomy with ovarian preservation." — Gynecologic surgery note