Supernumerary Digit
Pronunciation: soo-per-NEW-mer-air-ee
Congenital presence of extra fingers or toes, classified as polydactyly, requiring surgical removal or reconstruction for functional and cosmetic reasons.
Full Definition
Supernumerary digit, commonly known as polydactyly, is a congenital hand or foot anomaly characterized by the presence of extra digits. The condition is classified by location: preaxial (radial/tibial side), central, or postaxial (ulnar/fibular side). Postaxial polydactyly is most common and may be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The extra digits range from small skin tags to fully formed digits with bones, joints, and tendons. Surgical management depends on the complexity and location, with goals of achieving optimal function and appearance. Simple excision suffices for rudimentary digits, while complex polydactyly may require tendon transfers, bone reconstruction, and nail bed management.
Usage
Usage note: Specify preaxial, central, or postaxial type; polydactyly is the more common term in practice.
In Context
- "The newborn presented with postaxial supernumerary digit requiring simple excision." — Surgical consultation note
- "Complex supernumerary digits may require staged reconstruction to optimize hand function." — Surgical planning discussion