hydronephrosis
Pronunciation: hahy-droh-nuh-FROH-sis
Swelling of the kidney due to accumulation of urine caused by obstruction of urine flow.
Full Definition
Hydronephrosis refers to the dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to impaired urine drainage from the kidney. In pediatric patients, this condition can be congenital or acquired and may result from various causes including ureteropelvic junction obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, posterior urethral valves, or external compression. The degree of hydronephrosis is often graded using standardized systems to guide management decisions. Mild hydronephrosis may resolve spontaneously, while severe cases can lead to progressive loss of kidney function if untreated. Prenatal ultrasound frequently detects hydronephrosis, leading to early pediatric urological evaluation and monitoring. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity, ranging from observation to surgical intervention.
Usage
Usage note: Not hyphenated. Can be qualified by degree (mild, moderate, severe) or side (unilateral, bilateral).
In Context
- "Prenatal ultrasound revealed moderate left hydronephrosis requiring postnatal evaluation." — Obstetric report
- "Serial imaging showed progressive resolution of the mild hydronephrosis over six months." — Follow-up note