pyelonephritis
Pronunciation: pie-eh-low-neh-FRY-tis
Bacterial infection of the kidney and renal pelvis, particularly concerning in pediatric patients.
Full Definition
Pyelonephritis is an upper urinary tract infection involving the renal parenchyma and collecting system. In pediatric urology, it's especially significant as it can lead to renal scarring and long-term complications including hypertension and chronic kidney disease. It often occurs as a complication of lower urinary tract infections, particularly in children with vesicoureteral reflux or other anatomical abnormalities. Diagnosis requires clinical symptoms, laboratory evidence of infection, and often imaging studies to assess for complications.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from nephritis, which is more general kidney inflammation.
In Context
- "The DMSA scan revealed cortical scarring consistent with previous pyelonephritis." — Imaging report
- "Prompt treatment of pyelonephritis is essential to prevent permanent renal damage." — Clinical guideline