bronchiolitis
Pronunciation: brong-kee-oh-LIE-tis
Viral infection of the small airways in the lungs, most common in infants under 2 years.
Full Definition
Bronchiolitis is a viral lower respiratory tract infection affecting the bronchioles, the smallest airways in the lungs. It primarily affects infants and young children under 24 months, with peak incidence between 3-6 months of age. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause, though other viruses can also be responsible. Symptoms include wheezing, difficulty breathing, and feeding problems. While most cases are managed supportively at home, severe cases may require hospitalization for oxygen therapy and supportive care.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from bronchitis, which affects larger airways and is less common in infants.
In Context
- "The 4-month-old was diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis and admitted for oxygen monitoring." — Emergency department assessment
- "Bronchiolitis typically presents with a prodromal upper respiratory infection followed by lower respiratory symptoms." — Clinical teaching material