hypotonia
Pronunciation: high-po-TONE-ee-ah
Decreased muscle tone resulting in floppy, weak muscle appearance and delayed motor development.
Full Definition
Hypotonia, commonly referred to as 'floppy infant syndrome' in neonates, is characterized by decreased resistance to passive movement and poor muscle tone. In infants, hypotonia presents as poor head control, delayed sitting and walking, feeding difficulties, and a characteristic 'frog-leg' positioning when supine. Causes range from central nervous system disorders (cerebral palsy, genetic syndromes, metabolic disorders) to peripheral causes (muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis). Evaluation typically includes detailed neurological examination, genetic testing, metabolic workup, and sometimes muscle biopsy. Early physical therapy intervention is crucial for optimizing motor development.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from hypotension; specify central vs. peripheral when known.
In Context
- "Significant hypotonia prompted referral to pediatric neurology for further evaluation." — Referral documentation
- "The infant's hypotonia improved with intensive physical therapy intervention." — Follow-up assessment