intraosseous access
Also written as: IO — intraosseous
Emergency vascular access technique using needle insertion into bone marrow for fluid and medication administration when IV access is difficult.
Full Definition
Intraosseous (IO) access is a critical emergency procedure involving the insertion of a specialized needle through the cortex of a bone into the marrow space to establish vascular access. In pediatrics, this technique is particularly valuable when traditional peripheral IV access is challenging due to shock, dehydration, or difficult anatomy. Common insertion sites include the proximal tibia, distal femur, and proximal humerus. The bone marrow provides rapid access to the central circulation, allowing for emergency administration of fluids, medications, and blood products. This technique is considered equivalent to central venous access for emergency resuscitation purposes.
Usage
Usage note: Abbreviate as IO in subsequent references after first use. Do not confuse with other vascular access methods.
In Context
- "Due to severe dehydration and collapsed veins, intraosseous access was established in the proximal tibia for emergency fluid resuscitation." — Emergency department note
- "The pediatric advanced life support protocol included intraosseous access when peripheral IV attempts were unsuccessful." — Code blue documentation