operative vaginal delivery
Assisted vaginal birth using forceps or vacuum extraction to facilitate fetal descent and delivery. Requires specific indications and expertise.
Full Definition
A method of assisted vaginal delivery using either obstetric forceps or vacuum extractor to facilitate the birth of the fetus when maternal pushing efforts alone are insufficient or when expedited delivery is indicated. Operative vaginal delivery (OVD) requires specific indications such as prolonged second stage of labor, maternal exhaustion, maternal cardiac or pulmonary compromise, or concerning fetal heart rate patterns requiring immediate delivery. Prerequisites include full cervical dilation, ruptured membranes, engaged fetal head, known fetal position, and adequate maternal anesthesia. The procedure requires skill and experience, as inappropriate use can result in maternal and fetal trauma. Success rates and complication risks vary based on fetal station and position at the time of application.
Usage
Usage note: OVD is acceptable abbreviation. Always specify instrument used (forceps or vacuum) and indication for procedure.
In Context
- "An operative vaginal delivery using forceps was performed for prolonged second stage." — Delivery summary
- "OVD with vacuum extraction was indicated due to fetal bradycardia in the second stage." — Operative report