shoulder dystocia
Obstetric emergency where fetal shoulders become impacted after delivery of the head, impeding vaginal delivery.
Full Definition
Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric emergency that occurs when the fetal anterior shoulder becomes impacted behind the maternal pubic symphysis after delivery of the fetal head. This complication prevents normal completion of vaginal delivery and requires immediate intervention to avoid serious maternal and neonatal complications. Risk factors include fetal macrosomia, maternal diabetes, previous shoulder dystocia, and prolonged labor. Management involves specific maneuvers such as McRoberts maneuver, suprapubic pressure, episiotomy, and internal rotational techniques. Complications can include brachial plexus injury (Erb's palsy), fractures, hypoxic brain injury, and maternal trauma including fourth-degree lacerations.
Usage
Usage note: Document specific maneuvers used and their sequence for medicolegal purposes.
In Context
- "Shoulder dystocia was successfully resolved using McRoberts maneuver and suprapubic pressure." — Delivery documentation
- "The infant developed transient brachial plexus palsy following shoulder dystocia during delivery." — Pediatric consultation