minimal residual disease
Undetectable or very low levels of cancer cells remaining after treatment, monitored through sensitive molecular techniques.
Full Definition
Minimal residual disease (MRD) refers to small numbers of cancer cells that persist after treatment but are below the detection threshold of conventional diagnostic methods. Modern precision oncology employs highly sensitive techniques such as circulating tumor DNA analysis, flow cytometry, or PCR-based assays to detect MRD. The presence or absence of MRD serves as an important prognostic indicator and may guide treatment decisions including continuation, intensification, or discontinuation of therapy. MRD monitoring has become particularly valuable in hematologic malignancies and is increasingly being explored in solid tumors through liquid biopsy approaches.
Usage
Usage note: Use 'MRD' abbreviation only after spelling out full term; specify detection method when relevant
In Context
- "Minimal residual disease monitoring guided the decision to continue maintenance therapy." — Treatment response assessment
- "MRD positivity after induction chemotherapy predicted higher relapse risk." — Clinical outcomes analysis