molecular residual disease
Also written as: MRD — molecular residual disease
Cancer cells detectable only through sensitive molecular techniques after apparent complete clinical response to treatment.
Full Definition
Molecular residual disease (MRD) refers to cancer cells that persist at levels below the detection threshold of conventional imaging or clinical examination but are identifiable through highly sensitive molecular methods. Detection techniques include circulating tumor DNA analysis, flow cytometry for hematologic malignancies, or PCR-based assays for specific tumor markers. MRD status serves as an early indicator of treatment efficacy and relapse risk, enabling treatment modification decisions before clinical progression becomes apparent.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as MRD. Distinguish from 'minimal residual disease' which may use less sensitive detection methods.
In Context
- "Molecular residual disease positivity at three months prompted treatment intensification." — Clinical trial monitoring report
- "MRD assessment provides earlier relapse detection than conventional imaging methods." — Laboratory protocol document