tumor microenvironment
Also written as: TME — tumor microenvironment
The cellular and molecular ecosystem surrounding cancer cells, including immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules that influence tumor behavior and treatment response.
Full Definition
The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents the complex biological milieu in which cancer cells exist, encompassing immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, extracellular matrix components, and various signaling molecules. In precision oncology, TME characterization is increasingly important for predicting treatment responses, particularly to immunotherapies. Key components include tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, regulatory T cells, macrophages, and the presence of immunosuppressive factors. TME profiling helps clinicians understand why some patients respond to specific treatments while others do not, leading to more personalized therapeutic approaches. Modern precision oncology incorporates TME analysis alongside genomic profiling for comprehensive treatment planning.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from tumor stroma, which refers specifically to supporting connective tissue.
In Context
- "Analysis of the tumor microenvironment revealed high levels of PD-L1 expression and dense T-cell infiltration." — immunohistochemistry report
- "The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment may explain the patient's poor response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy." — multidisciplinary team meeting notes