Fetal programming
Process by which intrauterine environment permanently alters fetal development and adult health outcomes.
Full Definition
Fetal programming, also known as developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), refers to the process by which environmental factors during critical periods of fetal development can permanently alter organ structure and function, predisposing to adult diseases. This programming can occur through epigenetic modifications, altered gene expression, or changes in organ development. Factors such as maternal nutrition, stress, infections, and placental function can influence fetal programming, potentially affecting cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity risk in later life.
Usage
Usage note: Emphasize the permanent nature of programming effects versus temporary adaptations.
In Context
- "Maternal diabetes may contribute to fetal programming of metabolic dysfunction." — Research documentation
- "The concept of fetal programming explains long-term health consequences of intrauterine growth restriction." — Academic literature