gestational trophoblastic disease
Group of pregnancy-related disorders characterized by abnormal trophoblast proliferation, ranging from benign molar pregnancies to malignant choriocarcinoma.
Full Definition
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a spectrum of disorders arising from abnormal proliferation of placental trophoblastic tissue. The spectrum includes complete and partial hydatidiform moles (benign), invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumors (malignant forms collectively termed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia). Complete moles result from fertilization of an empty egg, while partial moles involve fertilization with excess paternal chromosomes. Diagnosis is suggested by markedly elevated hCG levels, characteristic ultrasound findings (snowstorm pattern), and symptoms including hyperemesis or hyperthyroidism. Management involves uterine evacuation followed by hCG monitoring, as malignant transformation can occur requiring chemotherapy.
Usage
Usage note: Full term preferred over abbreviation GTD in formal reports; note 'trophoblastic' not 'trophoblast'.
In Context
- "Gestational trophoblastic disease was suspected when hCG levels reached 200,000 mIU/mL at 10 weeks." — Maternal-fetal medicine consultation
- "Serial hCG monitoring confirmed complete resolution following treatment for gestational trophoblastic disease." — Oncology follow-up note