incompetent cervix
Cervical weakness causing painless dilation and potential pregnancy loss, typically in the second trimester.
Full Definition
A condition characterized by the inability of the cervix to remain closed during pregnancy, leading to painless cervical dilation and potential pregnancy loss or preterm birth, typically between 16-24 weeks of gestation. Diagnosis is often based on history of previous pregnancy losses with characteristic pattern of painless cervical dilation, though transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length provides objective assessment. Risk factors include previous cervical trauma, DES exposure, and congenital cervical abnormalities. Management may include cervical cerclage placement, activity restriction, and close monitoring with serial cervical length measurements.
Usage
Usage note: The term 'cervical insufficiency' is increasingly preferred over 'incompetent cervix'.
In Context
- "History of incompetent cervix led to prophylactic cerclage placement at 14 weeks." — High-risk pregnancy management plan
- "Transvaginal ultrasound findings supported the diagnosis of incompetent cervix." — Maternal-fetal medicine consultation