akathisia
Pronunciation: ah-kah-THEE-zee-ah
A movement disorder characterized by restlessness and inability to remain still, often caused by antipsychotic medications.
Full Definition
Akathisia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by subjective feelings of inner restlessness and an irresistible urge to move, typically manifesting as inability to sit or stand still, pacing, fidgeting, or repetitive movements of the legs. It commonly occurs as a side effect of antipsychotic medications due to dopamine receptor blockade in the basal ganglia, though it can also result from other medications or medical conditions. In psychiatric clinical trials, akathisia is assessed using standardized rating scales such as the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, which evaluates both objective signs and subjective distress. Akathisia can be particularly problematic because it may be mistaken for anxiety or agitation, potentially leading to inappropriate dose increases that worsen the condition. Severe akathisia has been associated with increased suicide risk and treatment discontinuation.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish carefully from general anxiety or agitation. Note the medication-induced nature when relevant.
In Context
- "Akathisia was assessed using the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale at each study visit." — safety assessment protocol
- "Three patients discontinued treatment due to severe akathisia that did not respond to dose reduction." — adverse event reporting