splitting
The primitive defense mechanism of dividing self or others into all-good or all-bad categories.
Full Definition
Splitting is a fundamental defense mechanism in psychoanalytic theory, particularly prominent in borderline personality organization and early developmental stages. It involves the inability to integrate positive and negative aspects of self or others into a coherent whole, resulting in idealization or devaluation. Objects are perceived as either perfectly good or entirely bad, with no middle ground. This defense protects against anxiety by keeping conflicting feelings separate but impairs realistic perception and stable relationships. In treatment, splitting often manifests as alternating idealization and devaluation of the analyst. Working through splitting involves helping patients develop object constancy and ambivalence tolerance.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from conscious evaluation or temporary mood-dependent perceptions.
In Context
- "The patient's splitting was evident in describing her mother as either saint or monster, depending on recent interactions." — diagnostic assessment
- "Splitting in the transference alternated between viewing the analyst as savior and persecutor." — case conference