benztropine
Pronunciation: BEN-tro-peen
Anticholinergic medication used to treat extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotic drugs, particularly acute dystonia and parkinsonism.
Full Definition
Benztropine is a synthetic anticholinergic agent commonly used in psychiatry to treat movement disorders caused by antipsychotic medications. It works by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, helping to restore the balance between dopamine and acetylcholine that is disrupted by dopamine receptor antagonists. Benztropine is highly effective for acute dystonic reactions and antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism, typically providing rapid relief when administered intravenously for acute reactions or orally for ongoing prevention. The medication can be given prophylactically in high-risk patients (young males starting high-potency antipsychotics) or therapeutically when extrapyramidal symptoms develop. Side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and potential cognitive impairment, particularly in elderly patients. The drug is available in both oral and injectable formulations.
Usage
Usage note: Generic name preferred over brand name 'Cogentin' in most clinical documentation.
In Context
- "The patient received 2 mg of benztropine intramuscularly for the acute dystonic reaction." — Emergency treatment record
- "Prophylactic benztropine 1 mg twice daily was initiated to prevent extrapyramidal symptoms." — Psychiatry consultation note