Hyperreflexia
Pronunciation: hahy-per-ri-FLEK-see-ah
Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes indicating upper motor neuron damage or spinal cord injury above the reflex level.
Full Definition
Hyperreflexia refers to abnormally brisk or exaggerated deep tendon reflexes that occur when the upper motor neuron pathways are damaged or interrupted. This neurological sign is commonly observed in spinal cord injuries, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions affecting the corticospinal tract. Hyperreflexia is graded on a scale from 0 (absent) to 4+ (very brisk with clonus), with normal reflexes typically graded as 2+. In rehabilitation medicine, hyperreflexia often accompanies spasticity and may contribute to functional limitations. Assessment includes testing major deep tendon reflexes including biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, patellar, and Achilles reflexes using standardized techniques.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify the reflex grading (0 to 4+) when documenting hyperreflexia findings.
In Context
- "Marked hyperreflexia in bilateral lower extremities with 4+ patellar and Achilles reflexes indicates upper motor neuron involvement." — neurological examination
- "Hyperreflexia combined with spasticity requires comprehensive tone management strategies." — rehabilitation plan