balanced translocation
Chromosomal rearrangement where genetic material is exchanged between chromosomes without loss or gain of genetic material, potentially affecting fertility and offspring.
Full Definition
A balanced translocation occurs when segments of genetic material are exchanged between two or more chromosomes without any net loss or gain of chromosomal material. While carriers typically have no physical symptoms due to the balanced nature, they face increased risks of infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and having offspring with unbalanced chromosomal arrangements. In reproductive genetics, balanced translocations are detected through karyotype analysis and may require specialized reproductive interventions such as IVF with preimplantation genetic testing to achieve healthy pregnancies.
Usage
Usage note: Always use 'balanced' and 'translocation' together as compound term; hyphenate when used as adjective.
In Context
- "The couple's recurrent miscarriages were explained by a balanced translocation in the male partner." — Genetic counseling report
- "Karyotype analysis revealed a balanced translocation t(2;5)(q23;q31) in the patient." — Cytogenetics report