respiratory acidosis
An acid-base disorder caused by inadequate ventilation leading to carbon dioxide retention and decreased blood pH.
Full Definition
Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot eliminate carbon dioxide effectively, resulting in hypercapnia and decreased arterial pH below 7.35. Acute respiratory acidosis develops rapidly with minimal renal compensation, while chronic forms allow for metabolic compensation through bicarbonate retention. Common causes include airway obstruction, respiratory depression, neuromuscular disorders, and severe lung disease. Symptoms range from mild dyspnea to confusion and coma in severe cases. Treatment focuses on improving ventilation through mechanical support, bronchodilators, or addressing underlying causes. Arterial blood gas analysis is essential for diagnosis and monitoring.
Usage
Usage note: Always distinguish between acute and chronic forms; pH and compensation status are critical.
In Context
- "Arterial blood gas revealed acute respiratory acidosis with pH 7.28 and PCO2 65 mmHg." — Laboratory interpretation
- "The patient's respiratory acidosis improved with non-invasive ventilation support." — Treatment response note