obstructive sleep apnea
Also written as: OSA — Obstructive Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by repeated upper airway collapse during sleep, causing breathing interruptions.
Full Definition
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing, occurring when the upper airway repeatedly collapses or becomes blocked during sleep, leading to complete (apneas) or partial (hypopneas) breathing cessations. These events typically last 10 seconds or longer and are terminated by brief arousals that fragment sleep. OSA severity is classified by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), with mild (5-14 events/hour), moderate (15-29 events/hour), and severe (≥30 events/hour) categories. Left untreated, OSA increases cardiovascular disease risk and impairs cognitive function.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from central and mixed apnea types; OSA specifically involves airway obstruction.
In Context
- "The polysomnogram confirmed severe obstructive sleep apnea with an AHI of 45 events per hour." — Sleep study report
- "Obstructive sleep apnea is often associated with obesity and retrognathia." — Medical assessment