abdominal compartment syndrome
A condition where increased pressure within the abdominal cavity causes organ dysfunction and compromised circulation.
Full Definition
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening condition in surgical critical care characterized by sustained intra-abdominal pressure >20 mmHg with new organ dysfunction. It commonly occurs following major abdominal surgery, trauma, or in patients with severe fluid resuscitation and bowel edema. The increased pressure compromises venous return, reduces cardiac output, impairs renal function, restricts respiratory mechanics, and decreases splanchnic perfusion. Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is defined as pressures >12 mmHg. Early recognition through bladder pressure monitoring is crucial, as treatment requires urgent decompressive laparotomy to prevent irreversible organ damage and death.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish between intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) based on pressure thresholds and organ dysfunction.
In Context
- "Bladder pressures of 25 mmHg with oliguria and respiratory compromise confirmed abdominal compartment syndrome." — Emergency assessment
- "Urgent decompressive laparotomy was performed for abdominal compartment syndrome with immediate improvement in hemodynamics." — Operative report