enteral nutrition
The delivery of nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract via feeding tubes or oral intake.
Full Definition
Enteral nutrition is the preferred method of nutritional support in surgical critical care patients who have a functioning gastrointestinal tract but cannot maintain adequate oral intake. It involves delivering nutrients through nasogastric, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal, or surgically placed feeding tubes (gastrostomy or jejunostomy). Enteral nutrition maintains gut integrity, prevents villous atrophy, reduces bacterial translocation, and supports immune function compared to parenteral nutrition. Early enteral feeding (within 24-48 hours of ICU admission) is recommended when feasible. Contraindications include high-output enterocutaneous fistulas, severe pancreatitis, high-grade bowel obstruction, and severe hemodynamic instability. Monitoring includes tolerance assessment, gastric residual volumes, and prevention of aspiration.
Usage
Usage note: Specify the route of administration (NG, NJ, PEG, etc.) when documenting enteral nutrition.
In Context
- "Enteral nutrition was initiated via nasojejunal tube on post-operative day 1." — Nutrition consultation
- "The patient demonstrated good tolerance to enteral nutrition with goal rate achieved by day 3." — Dietitian note