hemoperitoneum
Pronunciation: hee-moh-pair-ih-toh-NEE-um
Accumulation of blood within the peritoneal cavity, typically from trauma, surgery, or ruptured organs.
Full Definition
The presence of blood within the peritoneal cavity, most commonly resulting from blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, or postoperative bleeding. Clinical presentation may include abdominal distension, peritoneal signs, and hemodynamic instability depending on the volume of blood loss. Diagnosis is confirmed through FAST examination, CT imaging, or diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Management ranges from observation in stable patients to immediate surgical exploration in hemodynamically unstable patients. Large volume hemoperitoneum can lead to hemorrhagic shock requiring massive transfusion protocols.
Usage
Usage note: Not hyphenated; refers specifically to blood in peritoneal cavity.
In Context
- "FAST examination confirmed hemoperitoneum in the trauma patient." — Emergency department assessment
- "The patient required emergent laparotomy for significant hemoperitoneum causing hemodynamic instability." — Surgical consultation note