pneumothorax
Pronunciation: NEW-mo-thor-acks
Accumulation of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse, requiring immediate intervention in critical care settings.
Full Definition
Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space, causing partial or complete lung collapse. In surgical critical care, it may develop spontaneously, result from trauma, or occur iatrogenically during procedures like central line insertion or mechanical ventilation. Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate needle decompression followed by chest tube insertion. Symptoms include sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and decreased breath sounds on the affected side.
Usage
Usage note: Often confused with hemothorax (blood in pleural space) or pleural effusion (fluid in pleural space).
In Context
- "Chest X-ray revealed a 30% right-sided pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement." — Radiology report
- "Monitor for signs of tension pneumothorax in mechanically ventilated patients." — Critical care protocol