peritoneal carcinomatosis
Pronunciation: kar-si-no-muh-TOE-sis
Widespread seeding of cancer cells throughout the peritoneal cavity, typically from primary abdominal or pelvic malignancies.
Full Definition
Peritoneal carcinomatosis refers to the dissemination of malignant cells within the peritoneal cavity, resulting in multiple tumor implants on peritoneal surfaces including the bowel, omentum, and parietal peritoneum. This condition most commonly arises from primary tumors of the ovary, colorectum, stomach, or appendix through direct extension, surgical manipulation, or hematogenous spread. The extent and distribution of peritoneal disease significantly impacts treatment options and prognosis. Assessment typically involves cross-sectional imaging and may include diagnostic laparoscopy with peritoneal cancer index scoring. Treatment approaches range from systemic chemotherapy to aggressive cytoreductive surgery combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy, depending on primary tumor type, extent of disease, and patient factors.
Usage
Usage note: Specify primary tumor site when known (e.g., ovarian carcinomatosis, colorectal carcinomatosis).
In Context
- "CT imaging demonstrated extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis with involvement of all four quadrants of the abdomen." — Radiology report
- "The patient was evaluated for cytoreductive surgery given limited peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal primary." — Surgical consultation note