atelectasis
Pronunciation: at-eh-LEK-tah-sis
Collapse or incomplete expansion of lung tissue, often seen with bronchial obstruction from tumors.
Full Definition
Atelectasis is the collapse or incomplete expansion of lung parenchyma, resulting in reduced gas exchange in the affected area. In thoracic oncology, atelectasis commonly occurs due to bronchial obstruction by tumors, particularly centrally located lung cancers. The collapse can be segmental, lobar, or affect the entire lung depending on the level of obstruction. Post-obstructive atelectasis may lead to secondary complications including infection and volume loss. Radiographically, atelectasis appears as increased opacity with associated volume loss, often accompanied by compensatory changes in adjacent structures. Recognition of atelectasis patterns helps localize the site of bronchial obstruction and guide further diagnostic evaluation.
Usage
Usage note: Specify location and likely cause; distinguish from consolidation which maintains lung volume.
In Context
- "Left upper lobe atelectasis secondary to endobronchial tumor was evident on CT." — Radiology report
- "Bronchoscopy revealed complete obstruction with distal atelectasis." — Procedure note