chylothorax
Pronunciation: KY-lo-THOR-aks
Accumulation of lymphatic fluid (chyle) in the pleural space, often occurring after thoracic surgery or from tumor compression.
Full Definition
Chylothorax is a rare but significant complication in thoracic oncology, characterized by the presence of chyle in the pleural space. This condition can result from surgical trauma to the thoracic duct during lung resection, lymph node dissection, or from tumor compression of lymphatic vessels. Chyle is rich in lipids and lymphocytes, giving the pleural fluid a characteristic milky appearance. Management typically involves dietary modifications, chest tube drainage, and in persistent cases, thoracic duct ligation or embolization. Chylothorax can lead to nutritional depletion and immunosuppression, potentially impacting cancer treatment outcomes.
Usage
Usage note: Specify triglyceride levels when confirming diagnosis, as this distinguishes from pseudochylothorax.
In Context
- "Post-operative chylothorax was suspected when the chest tube output became milky following resumption of oral intake." — Post-operative note
- "Pleural fluid analysis confirmed chylothorax with triglycerides >110 mg/dL and a cholesterol to triglyceride ratio <1.0." — Laboratory interpretation