interstitial pneumonia
Inflammation of lung tissue affecting the interstitium, which may complicate cancer treatment or mimic malignancy.
Full Definition
Interstitial pneumonia involves inflammation of the lung interstitium, the tissue and space around the alveoli, rather than the alveolar spaces themselves. In thoracic oncology, interstitial pneumonia may develop as a complication of radiation therapy (radiation pneumonitis), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy. It can also occur as an idiopathic condition or secondary to other causes. The imaging appearance includes ground-glass opacities, reticular patterns, and honeycombing in severe cases, which may be confused with malignant processes. Drug-induced interstitial pneumonia is an important consideration in cancer patients, particularly those receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors or certain chemotherapeutic agents, and may require treatment modification or discontinuation.
Usage
Usage note: Pneumonia and pneumonitis are often used interchangeably in this context; specify etiology when known.
In Context
- "The patient developed interstitial pneumonia following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy." — Clinical note
- "High-resolution CT showed changes consistent with interstitial pneumonia in bilateral lower lobes." — Radiology report