pneumonitis
Pronunciation: new-mo-NY-tis
Inflammation of lung tissue that can occur as a side effect of radiation therapy or immunotherapy in thoracic oncology patients.
Full Definition
Pneumonitis is a significant toxicity concern in thoracic oncology, manifesting as inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma. Radiation pneumonitis typically develops 1-6 months after thoracic radiotherapy and can progress from acute inflammatory changes to chronic fibrosis. Immune-related pneumonitis is an important adverse effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors, requiring prompt recognition and treatment with corticosteroids. Both forms can be life-threatening and may necessitate treatment modifications or discontinuation. Symptoms include dyspnea, cough, and hypoxemia, with imaging showing ground-glass opacities or consolidation in the affected areas.
Usage
Usage note: Specify etiology (radiation-induced vs. immune-related) as treatment approaches differ.
In Context
- "The patient developed grade 2 radiation pneumonitis six weeks after completion of concurrent chemoradiotherapy." — Follow-up clinic note
- "Immune-related pneumonitis was suspected based on the ground-glass opacities and recent initiation of pembrolizumab." — Emergency department assessment