decompressive laparotomy

Full Definition

An emergent surgical procedure performed to treat abdominal compartment syndrome by opening the abdominal fascia and allowing visceral expansion. This procedure is indicated when intra-abdominal pressure exceeds 20 mmHg with organ dysfunction, typically following massive fluid resuscitation, bowel edema, or retroperitoneal hematoma. The procedure may require temporary abdominal closure techniques and carries significant morbidity, but can be life-saving in cases of severe abdominal compartment syndrome.

In Context

• "Decompressive laparotomy was performed for abdominal compartment syndrome with bladder pressures exceeding 25 mmHg." — operative report
• "The patient required decompressive laparotomy followed by vacuum-assisted closure." — ICU progress note