contrast-induced nephropathy
Also written as: CIN — Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
Acute kidney injury that develops following exposure to iodinated contrast media during vascular procedures.
Full Definition
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a form of acute kidney injury characterized by a rise in serum creatinine occurring within 48-72 hours after intravascular contrast administration. The condition is typically defined as an increase in creatinine ≥25% from baseline or ≥0.5 mg/dL absolute increase. Risk factors include pre-existing chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, dehydration, heart failure, and high contrast volumes. The pathophysiology involves both direct cellular toxicity and hemodynamic effects leading to reduced renal perfusion. Prevention strategies include adequate hydration, minimizing contrast volume, using iso-osmolar or low-osmolar contrast agents, and avoiding nephrotoxic medications. Most cases are reversible, though severe CIN can lead to permanent kidney damage.
Usage
Usage note: Always document baseline and post-procedure creatinine values when CIN is suspected or diagnosed.
In Context
- "The patient developed mild CIN with creatinine rising from 1.2 to 1.6 mg/dL post-procedure." — Clinical note
- "Prophylactic hydration protocols significantly reduce the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients." — Quality improvement report