Raynaud phenomenon
Pronunciation: ray-NOHZ
Episodic vasospasm of digital arteries causing color changes and numbness, triggered by cold or stress.
Full Definition
Raynaud phenomenon is characterized by episodic vasospasm of small arteries and arterioles, primarily affecting fingers and toes, in response to cold exposure or emotional stress. The classic presentation involves triphasic color changes: white (ischemia), blue (cyanosis), and red (reperfusion). Primary Raynaud's is idiopathic and benign, while secondary Raynaud's is associated with connective tissue diseases, medications, or occupational exposures. Severe cases can lead to digital ulceration or gangrene requiring vascular intervention.
Usage
Usage note: Use 'phenomenon' rather than 'disease' to encompass both primary and secondary forms.
In Context
- "The patient exhibited classic Raynaud phenomenon with triphasic color changes upon cold exposure." — Clinical observation
- "Secondary Raynaud phenomenon was suspected given the patient's underlying scleroderma." — Differential diagnosis