retraction
nounPronunciation: /rɪˈtrækʃən/
The formal withdrawal of a published article from the scholarly record due to serious errors, misconduct, or ethical violations.
Full Definition
A retraction is the formal process by which a journal permanently removes or flags a published article from the scholarly record when serious problems are identified post-publication. This action is typically taken when research misconduct, fabrication, plagiarism, or fundamental errors that invalidate the findings are discovered. The retracted article usually remains accessible but is clearly marked as retracted, and a retraction notice explaining the reasons is published.
Plain English
When a journal officially cancels or takes back an article they already published because something was seriously wrong with it.
In Editorial Context
An editorial decision requiring formal documentation, publisher approval, and coordination with indexing databases to ensure proper flagging in citation systems.
Etymology & History
Emerged as academic publishing became more systematic and research integrity standards developed in response to high-profile cases of scientific misconduct.
Originally rare and informal, now a standardized process with specific protocols established by organizations like COPE.
Usage
"The editorial board voted unanimously for retraction after discovering fabricated data in three figures."
Usage note: Must be distinguished from corrections or expressions of concern, which are lesser editorial actions.
Context: editorial decision-making, research integrity, post-publication corrections
Region: international
Style guide notes: Chicago Manual recommends maintaining original article with clear retraction notice. AP style capitalizes 'Retraction' when used as formal notice heading. Many journals follow COPE guidelines over general style guides
In Context
- "The editorial board issued a formal retraction after discovering falsified data in the methodology section."
- "Following COPE guidelines, we will publish the retraction notice in the same issue format as the original article."
- "The author requested retraction due to a fundamental error in statistical analysis that invalidated the conclusions."
Also known as
Contrasted with
Don't confuse with
Often confused with corrections, but retractions invalidate entire papers while corrections fix specific errors.
Common mistake: Confusing retraction with correction or erratum; failing to distinguish between author-initiated and editor-mandated retractions; not understanding the permanence and searchability requirements
Related Terms
Broader term: editorial correction
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a retraction and a correction?
A retraction removes an entire article from the scientific record due to serious errors or misconduct, while a correction fixes minor errors without invalidating the main conclusions.
Who can initiate a journal article retraction?
Retractions can be initiated by authors, editors, publishers, or institutions when they discover serious errors, misconduct, or ethical violations that compromise the article's validity.
Should retracted articles be completely removed from databases?
No, retracted articles should remain visible with clear retraction notices to maintain transparency and prevent republication of flawed research while preserving the scientific record.
Why Test Candidates on This?
Critical for understanding publication ethics standards and legal liability in academic publishing; demonstrates knowledge of industry best practices for maintaining journal integrity
Required skill level: Mid