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Intermediate Technical IVT

crystalloid

Clear intravenous fluid containing dissolved electrolytes, used for initial resuscitation in acute care surgery.

Full Definition

Crystalloid solutions are clear intravenous fluids containing water and dissolved electrolytes such as sodium chloride (normal saline) or balanced salt solutions (lactated Ringer's). In acute care surgery, crystalloids serve as first-line resuscitation fluids for volume replacement and maintenance of intravascular volume. Common types include normal saline, lactated Ringer's solution, and Plasma-Lyte. While readily available and inexpensive, large volumes of crystalloids can lead to tissue edema and dilutional coagulopathy. Current trauma protocols often limit crystalloid use in favor of blood products for patients with ongoing hemorrhage, following damage control resuscitation principles.

Usage

Usage note: Usually used without article (give crystalloid), not 'a crystalloid.' Distinguish from colloid solutions.

In Context

  • "Initial resuscitation included 2 liters of crystalloid before blood products were available." — Trauma documentation
  • "Excessive crystalloid administration may worsen abdominal compartment syndrome." — Clinical guideline

Also known as

clear fluids electrolyte solutions

Contrasted with

colloid blood products

Don't confuse with

colloid plasma

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