pneumatosis
Pronunciation: new-mah-TOE-sis
Abnormal presence of gas within the wall of the bowel, often indicating ischemia or perforation.
Full Definition
Pneumatosis refers to the pathological accumulation of gas within the wall of the intestine, creating characteristic linear or cystic radiolucencies on imaging studies. In acute care surgery, pneumatosis is a concerning finding that may indicate bowel ischemia, perforation, or severe inflammatory conditions. The gas can be located in the submucosal or subserosal layers and may progress to pneumoperitoneum if the bowel wall is compromised. While sometimes seen in benign conditions, pneumatosis in the acute setting often requires urgent surgical evaluation and possible intervention. CT imaging is most sensitive for detecting pneumatosis, which appears as intramural gas collections.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from pneumoperitoneum (free air in peritoneal cavity) and pneumobilia (air in biliary tree).
In Context
- "CT imaging revealed extensive pneumatosis of the small bowel concerning for ischemia." — Radiology report
- "The presence of pneumatosis prompted immediate surgical exploration." — Emergency department consultation