pneumoperitoneum
Pronunciation: /ˌnuːmoʊˌpɛrɪtəˈniːəm/
Presence of free air within the peritoneal cavity, often indicating bowel perforation.
Full Definition
Pneumoperitoneum refers to the presence of free gas (typically air) within the peritoneal cavity. In the acute care setting, pneumoperitoneum usually indicates perforation of a hollow viscus, most commonly the gastrointestinal tract. The finding is typically detected on upright chest radiographs or CT scans as free air beneath the diaphragm. However, pneumoperitoneum can also be iatrogenic following laparoscopic surgery or other procedures. The clinical significance depends on the patient's presentation and history. In the absence of recent surgery, pneumoperitoneum is considered a surgical emergency requiring urgent exploration to identify and repair the source of perforation.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish between pathological and iatrogenic causes in clinical context.
In Context
- "Upright chest radiograph demonstrated significant pneumoperitoneum consistent with perforated viscus." — Radiology report
- "The patient developed acute abdominal pain with pneumoperitoneum visible on CT scan." — Emergency department assessment