tardive dyskinesia
Pronunciation: TAR-div dis-ki-NEE-zhuh
Also written as: TD — tardive dyskinesia
Late-onset movement disorder caused by prolonged use of dopamine-blocking medications.
Full Definition
Tardive dyskinesia is a potentially irreversible movement disorder that develops as a late complication of chronic exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents, particularly antipsychotic medications. It is characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements most commonly affecting the face, lips, tongue, and jaw, though it can also involve the trunk and extremities. The condition typically emerges after months to years of treatment and may persist or even worsen after discontinuation of the offending medication. Risk factors include advanced age, female gender, diabetes, and duration of antipsychotic exposure. Early recognition is crucial as prompt intervention with medication adjustment or specific treatments like valbenazine may help prevent progression.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify medication history and duration; TD is acceptable abbreviation in clinical notes.
In Context
- "The patient developed tardive dyskinesia after five years of haloperidol treatment for schizophrenia." — psychiatry consultation
- "Routine screening for tardive dyskinesia using the AIMS scale detected early orofacial movements." — medication monitoring note