arteriovenous fistula
Pronunciation: ar-TEER-ee-oh-VEE-nus FIS-tu-lah
Abnormal direct connection between an artery and vein, bypassing the normal capillary circulation, either congenital or acquired.
Full Definition
An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an abnormal communication between an artery and vein that allows arterial blood to flow directly into the venous system without passing through the normal capillary bed. These connections can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired through trauma, infection, or medical procedures. Congenital AVFs are often part of complex vascular malformations, while acquired fistulas may result from penetrating injuries, surgical complications, or iatrogenic causes such as central line placement. The condition can lead to high-output cardiac failure, local tissue ischemia, and characteristic physical findings including a continuous bruit and palpable thrill.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and arteriovenous graft in dialysis contexts.
In Context
- "Doppler ultrasound confirmed the presence of a traumatic arteriovenous fistula in the superficial femoral vessels." — Radiology report
- "The arteriovenous fistula was successfully closed using covered stent graft placement." — Interventional procedure note