atherosclerosis
A progressive disease characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits and fibrous plaques in arterial walls.
Full Definition
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries characterized by the accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, and fibrous tissue in the vessel wall, forming atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques can narrow the arterial lumen, reducing blood flow, and may rupture, leading to thrombosis and acute cardiovascular events. The disease process begins with endothelial dysfunction and progresses through various stages including fatty streak formation, plaque development, and potential complications such as plaque rupture or calcification. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology in most cases of coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from arteriosclerosis, which is a broader term for arterial hardening.
In Context
- "Advanced atherosclerosis was evident in multiple coronary vessels on angiographic examination." — Cardiology consultation note
- "The patient's atherosclerosis risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, and smoking history." — Risk assessment report