contralateral prophylactic mastectomy
Surgical removal of the unaffected breast in patients with unilateral breast cancer to reduce risk of developing cancer in the opposite breast.
Full Definition
Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is the elective surgical removal of the breast opposite to the one affected by cancer. This procedure is considered for patients at high risk of developing cancer in the contralateral breast, such as those with BRCA mutations, strong family history, or certain high-risk histological findings. While CPM can significantly reduce the risk of contralateral breast cancer (by approximately 95%), the absolute risk reduction varies considerably based on individual risk factors. The procedure does not improve overall survival for most patients, as the risk of contralateral breast cancer is generally low. Decision-making should involve thorough discussion of risks, benefits, and alternatives, including enhanced surveillance and risk-reducing medications. Reconstruction options and psychosocial implications must also be carefully considered.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as CPM; emphasize the prophylactic nature to distinguish from therapeutic procedures.
In Context
- "Given her BRCA1 mutation, the patient chose contralateral prophylactic mastectomy with immediate reconstruction." — Surgical planning note
- "The decision for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy was made after extensive genetic counseling." — Multidisciplinary consultation