lymphovascular invasion
The presence of tumor cells within lymphatic or blood vessels, indicating increased risk of metastatic spread.
Full Definition
Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) refers to the identification of tumor cells within the lumens of lymphatic vessels or blood vessels in breast tissue specimens. This finding is an important prognostic factor that indicates the tumor's ability to access the circulatory system and potentially metastasize to distant sites. LVI is associated with higher risk of lymph node involvement and poorer overall prognosis. The presence of lymphovascular invasion influences treatment decisions, often leading to recommendations for more aggressive systemic therapy, even in cases where lymph nodes appear uninvolved. Detection requires careful histopathological examination, and specialized stains may be used to highlight endothelial cells and confirm the presence of vessels containing tumor cells.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as LVI in pathology reports; distinct from lymphatic invasion alone as it includes both lymphatic and vascular involvement.
In Context
- "Extensive lymphovascular invasion was noted throughout the tumor specimen." — Pathology report
- "The presence of lymphovascular invasion influenced the decision to recommend adjuvant chemotherapy." — Multidisciplinary team discussion