cytogenetics
Pronunciation: /ˌsaɪtoʊdʒəˈnɛtɪks/
The study of chromosomal abnormalities in cancer cells that helps classify tumors and guide targeted therapy selection.
Full Definition
Cytogenetics in cancer biology involves the microscopic examination of chromosomes in cancer cells to identify structural and numerical abnormalities. These chromosomal changes, including translocations, deletions, and amplifications, often drive cancer development and progression. Cytogenetic analysis provides crucial diagnostic and prognostic information, particularly in hematologic malignancies where specific chromosomal abnormalities define disease subtypes. Modern cytogenetics incorporates fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosomal microarray analysis to detect subtle genomic alterations that inform targeted therapy decisions.
Usage
Usage note: Often used interchangeably with karyotyping in clinical contexts, but cytogenetics is the broader field.
In Context
- "Cytogenetics revealed a Philadelphia chromosome, confirming the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia." — Diagnostic report
- "The cytogenetics laboratory reported complex karyotypic abnormalities indicating high-risk disease." — Laboratory communication