molecular biomarker
Measurable biological molecule that indicates normal or abnormal cellular processes and can guide screening or treatment decisions.
Full Definition
A molecular biomarker is a measurable indicator of biological state or condition at the molecular level, including genes, proteins, metabolites, or other molecules found in blood, tissue, or other body fluids. In cancer screening, molecular biomarkers can identify individuals at higher risk for developing cancer, detect early-stage disease, or predict treatment response. Examples include circulating tumor DNA, protein markers like CA-125 for ovarian cancer, and genetic mutations such as BRCA1/2. The development and validation of molecular biomarkers requires extensive clinical testing to establish sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utility before implementation in screening programs.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate when used as a compound modifier.
In Context
- "The study evaluated multiple molecular biomarkers for their ability to detect early-stage pancreatic cancer." — clinical research abstract
- "Validation of molecular biomarkers requires large prospective cohort studies with long-term follow-up." — regulatory submission