hyperinsulinemia
Pronunciation: HY-per-in-su-lin-EE-mee-ah
Elevated blood insulin levels, typically resulting from insulin resistance and serving as an early marker of metabolic dysfunction.
Full Definition
Hyperinsulinemia refers to abnormally high circulating insulin concentrations, most commonly occurring as a compensatory response to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. This condition often precedes the development of type 2 diabetes by years or decades, as pancreatic beta cells increase insulin secretion to maintain normal glucose levels despite reduced tissue sensitivity. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with numerous adverse health effects including increased cardiovascular risk, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and promotion of certain cancers. It can be measured through fasting insulin levels or during glucose tolerance tests. The condition is central to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and represents an important therapeutic target in preventing progression to overt diabetes.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from hyperglycemia (high glucose) and insulin resistance (reduced insulin sensitivity).
In Context
- "The patient's hyperinsulinemia suggested early insulin resistance despite normal glucose tolerance." — Endocrinology consultation
- "Lifestyle interventions can effectively reduce hyperinsulinemia in patients with prediabetes." — Diabetes prevention study