chylothorax
Pronunciation: KY-lo-thor-aks
Accumulation of lymphatic fluid (chyle) in the pleural space due to thoracic duct injury.
Full Definition
Chylothorax occurs when the thoracic duct or its major tributaries are injured, causing lymphatic fluid to leak into the pleural cavity. This complication can occur following thoracic surgery, particularly esophagectomy, cardiac surgery, or lung resection. The fluid is characteristically milky white with high triglyceride content and lymphocytes. Management includes chest drainage, dietary modification (medium-chain triglycerides), and sometimes surgical intervention such as thoracic duct ligation or pleurodesis if conservative measures fail. Prolonged chylothorax can lead to malnutrition and immunocompromise due to protein and lymphocyte loss.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from other pleural effusions by fluid characteristics and triglyceride content.
In Context
- "Post-esophagectomy chylothorax was managed with thoracic duct ligation." — Complication management note
- "The milky pleural fluid confirmed the diagnosis of chylothorax." — Diagnostic assessment