coarctation of the aorta
Also written as: CoA — coarctation of the aorta
A congenital narrowing of the aorta that obstructs blood flow and causes hypertension.
Full Definition
Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital cardiac defect characterized by narrowing of the aortic arch, typically distal to the left subclavian artery origin. This obstruction creates a pressure gradient across the coarctation site, leading to upper body hypertension and reduced perfusion to the lower body. Collateral circulation develops through intercostal arteries to bypass the obstruction. Surgical repair options include end-to-end anastomosis, patch angioplasty, or subclavian flap repair, typically performed in infancy or childhood to prevent long-term complications.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as CoA; distinguish from aortic stenosis which affects the valve.
In Context
- "The neonate presented with severe coarctation of the aorta requiring immediate surgical repair." — Emergency consultation
- "Follow-up imaging showed no residual gradient after coarctation repair with extended end-to-end anastomosis." — Post-operative assessment