constrictive pericarditis
Chronic inflammation leading to pericardial scarring and restriction of cardiac filling and function.
Full Definition
Constrictive pericarditis is a chronic condition characterized by fibrous thickening, scarring, and sometimes calcification of the pericardium, leading to impaired cardiac filling and reduced cardiac output. The rigid, non-compliant pericardium restricts ventricular filling, causing equalization of diastolic pressures and the characteristic "square root sign" on cardiac catheterization. Common causes include prior cardiac surgery, radiation therapy, tuberculosis, and idiopathic inflammation. Patients typically present with signs of right heart failure including peripheral edema, ascites, and elevated jugular venous pressure. The classic physical finding is Kussmaul's sign (paradoxical rise in JVP with inspiration). Diagnosis is confirmed through cardiac catheterization, CT, or MRI. Treatment typically requires surgical pericardiectomy for symptomatic relief.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from restrictive cardiomyopathy, which involves myocardial rather than pericardial pathology.
In Context
- "Cardiac catheterization demonstrated the classic square root sign of constrictive pericarditis." — Procedural report
- "The patient developed constrictive pericarditis five years after mediastinal radiation therapy." — Oncology follow-up