paradoxical embolism
Pronunciation: pair-uh-DOKS-ih-kul EM-boh-lizm
Arterial embolism originating from venous circulation through right-to-left cardiac shunt.
Full Definition
Paradoxical embolism occurs when an embolus from the venous circulation bypasses the pulmonary circulation and enters the arterial system through an abnormal communication between the right and left sides of the heart. The most common mechanism involves a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect that allows venous emboli to cross directly into the left atrium and subsequently reach systemic arteries. This phenomenon can cause stroke, myocardial infarction, or peripheral arterial occlusion in patients who would otherwise have pulmonary embolism. The term 'paradoxical' reflects the unexpected arterial destination of what should be a venous embolus.
Usage
Usage note: Emphasize the paradoxical nature and underlying anatomical defect in documentation.
In Context
- "The young patient's stroke was attributed to paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale." — Diagnostic assessment
- "Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the mechanism for paradoxical embolism." — Investigation report